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Glossary of Art Terminology
Lithograph The term lithograph is defined as an image created from a drawing made by an
artist on a stone. Some artists creates their original stone lithographs
in the classical methodology. The artist draws on a series of very
smoothly ground Bavarian limestone's with a grease-based pencil, a liquid
with brushes, and with sharp objects which permit her to scrape away the
ink she has drawn onto the stone. Each stone is millions of years old,
and has a texture that is seen through the ink on the paper. The
artist draws a key stone (or major) image, and then background and
additional details are drawn on other stones. Most artists generally uses
one stone for each color in the resulting art work. It's possible to
create lithographs with as many 32 colors. Serigraph Serigraphy, also called silk screen printing, occurs when an artist draws
with ink on a series of screens, each of which allows inks to be squeezed
through their mesh onto paper. Bold colors, more striking than stone
lithography, are often the result. Some serigraphs are often created with
sixty screens and have more than 90 colors. Reproduction A
reproduction, print, or offset lithography, is created by a
photomechanical process in which a photograph of an art work, such as a
painting, is used to create four basic colors (red, blue, yellow, and
black), which are printed together to create dot patterns that give the
illusion of many colors. A reproduction is not an original art form,
although many artists will often limit the amount of each
print, and number each one. Some artists will also sign these
non-original prints, although many rarely signs their reproductions. Some
artists will not create reproductions from their lithographs. They prefer
to have their reproductions made from their paintings. Giclee Giclee (pronounced zhee-clay) is the French word for spray. It is used
to describe the creation of a print, often made by the artist on a
computer screen, or a painting that the artist then changes on the
computer screen, by spraying very fine droplets of ink onto various
surfaces, such as paper or canvas. The fidelity of color and line on
this kind of image is many times finer than what can be created by offset
lithography. In fact, the results can be easily confused with an oil
painting on canvas, which is why some artists number each giclee on one of
the lower corners of the image. Multimedia Multi-medias
are created by using more than one medium in making a work of art. For
example, some artists use lithography and serigraphy to make an
image. Some also use an overlay in gold created by serigraphy on
top of an image made by the medium of giclee. The numbers on the
bottom of a lithograph or other graphic signify which number the image is,
and how many such images are in the entire edition. For example, 17/248 means that this is image number 17 out of a total
edition of 248 images. A Roman numeral, when there is one, indicates the
section of the image. Each section has a different color
scheme, but the key image (e.g., a specific mother and child, flower, or
landscape) is the same for each section. For example, II 35/48 ed. 197 means that this is image 35 out of 48 images in section II, and that
there are 197 images in the entire edition. An artist's proof
is the first trial images made by an artist. With each proof, the artist
can make changes and make other proofs, until he or she is satisfied with the
results. Then the edition is made. Instead of numbers on
the bottoms of these images, the artist will write the words "artist's
proof."
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